2012년 11월 17일 토요일

Chapter 8. Five basic Sentence Types - English Grammar and Phonology

The main elements in this chapter encompass the five basic sentence types. The rest of the concepts occur within or expand from these basic sentence types.

Key concepts:
-Words that accompany the main verb phrase are called either compliments-they complete the predicate, or modifiers-they add to or modify the meaning of the verb.
Type 1: The intransitive type
-This means that the verb in the sentence can stand alone in the verb phrase and function as the entire predicate
Structural formula(SF): S1=NP +MVint (intransitive main verb)
-MVint can have one or more adverbial modifiers such as “loudly”(ADVPman) adds information about the manner, “soon”(ADVPtm) indicates time, “here” (ADVPpl) tells the place
Type 2,3,4- linking or copular verbs
Type 2: The Verb Be requires adverb of time or place
-Requires an adverbial complement that completes the predicate and expresses place or time
SF: S2= NP +MVbe+ADVPtm/pl

Type 3: The linking verb type with adjectival subject complement
-the verb serves to join or link the subject to the descriptive word or phrase in the predicate
-the adjective phrase that follows the linking verb functions as an adjectival subject complement (predicate adjective)
SF: S3=NP +MVlink+ADJP

Type 4: The linking verb type with nominal subject complement
-The noun or noun phrase that follows a linking verb has the same referent as the subject
-predicate nominatives refer to the nominal subject copmliments
SF: S4=NP1 +MVlink+ NP1

Type 5: The Transitive Type
-requires a noun phrase complement that refers to something or someone other than the subject noun phrase it refers to
SF: S5= NP1+MVtr(transitive)+NP2
- remember: reflexive pronouns can function as direct objects, and a few transitive verbs have object complements (adjectival and nominal) following their direct object.

One thing I like about sentence types is that the auxiliary/tense that may precede the main verb does not affect the basic structure of the predicate. This helps to simplify the tree diagram, which is nice.
I found the layout of this chapter very helpful. I find classifying sentences into these types helps me to better identify and diagram them.
There was nothing outright confusing in this chapter. It’s just a matter of memorizing and applying the rules in order to determine what sentence type a sentence falls under.

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